The monks at Nalanda also developed a curriculum that went far beyond traditional Buddhism and included much Indian scientific and cultural knowledge. Due to this policy of peace and non-violence the military spirit of the armies as well as people was greatly crushed and they could not offer any resistance to the foreign invaders and fell easy pray to them. After the destruction of numerous Buddhist monasteries in the 6th century ce by the Huns, Buddhism revived, especially in the northeast, where it flourished for many more centuries under the kings of the Pala dynasty. In the centuries that followed, groups of these stories were collected and compiled in various styles and combinations. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. During the next 500 years, the religion continued to become more important in these countries and was eventually adopted as the official state religion. During this period, for example, some Hindus practiced devotion to the Buddha, whom they regarded as an avatar (incarnation) of the Hindu deity Vishnu, and some Buddhists venerated Hindu deities who were an integral part of the wider religious context in which they lived. There is some evidence to suggest that Buddhism in India suffered persecution during the Shunga-Kanva period (185–28 bce). Others were laypersons who venerated the Buddha, followed certain aspects of his teachings, and provided the wandering ascetics with the material support that they required. It should be emphasized, however, that many Hinayana and Mahayana adherents continued to live together in the same monastic institutions. Buddhism spread rapidly throughout the land of its birth. Missionaries dispatched by King Ashoka introduced the religion to southern India and to the northwest part of the subcontinent. Shakyamuni Buddha, as a travelling teacher sharing his insights with those who were receptive and interested from the nearby kingdoms, set the precedent. Date: 31 January 2014, 23:01:55: Source: Own work combined and redrawed from various sources: Author: Gunawan Kartapranata: Other versions . Buddhism is a religion that was founded by Siddhartha Gautama (“The Buddha”) more than 2,500 years ago in India. By the 13th century, repeated invasions by the Turks ensured that Buddhism had virtually disappeared. Its adherents introduced important innovations into Buddhist doctrine and symbolism. By the time of the Gupta dynasty (c. 320–c. These streams of Buddhism are differentiated to some extent by their interpretations of the Buddha and the Buddha’s teachings, the scriptures they hold in special reverence, and the variety of cultural expressions they lend to Buddhist life and practice. Thus, he set up medical assistance for human beings and beasts, maintained reservoirs and canals, and promoted trade. Although he promoted Buddhism, he did not found a state church, and he was known for his respect for other religious traditions. By the 7th century CE, Buddhism had made a significant impact in China, interacting with Confucian and Daoist cultures and ideas. Buddhism spread rapidly throughout the land of its birth. He sought to maintain unity in the Buddhist monastic community, however, and he promoted an ethic that focused on the layperson’s obligations in this world. 1. Missionaries dispatched by King Ashoka introduced the religion to southern India and to the northwest part of the subcontinent. Ashoka promoted Buddhist expansion by sending monks to surrounding territories to share the teachings of the Buddha. Later it was replaced by the lnnayanist form of the faith. Throughout the first five centuries A.D., … Buddhism entered China during the Han dynasty (206 BCE-220 CE). As early as the 1st century CE, Buddhist monks made their way over the “Silk Road” through Central Asia to China. According to inscriptions from the Ashokan period, missionaries were sent to countries along the Mediterranean, although without success. According to Buddhist tradition, invitations to the Council of Vesali (Sanskrit: Vaishali), held just over a century after the Buddha’s death, were sent to monks living throughout northern and central India. When he arrived in northwestern India, he found “millions of monasteries” reduced to ruins by the Huns, a nomadic Central Asian people. The kings protected the Mahaviharas, built new centres at Odantapuri, near Nalanda, and established a system of supervision for all such institutions. The Buddha was a charismatic leader who founded a distinctive religious community based on his unique teachings. The traditional number of schools is 18, but the situation was very complicated, and exact identifications are hard to make. Show More. There, in interaction with the indigenous Bon religion, and with forms of Buddhism that had traveled to Tibet from East Asia, a distinctive and vibrant form of Mahayana Buddhism emerged known as Vajrayana, the “Diamond Vehicle.”. This institution enjoyed great success during the reign of the Pala kings. After visiting Assam and southern India, he returned to China, carrying with him copies of more than 600 sutras. was an ideal time for the spread of Buddhism. The most famous of the Chinese travelers, however, was the 7th-century monk Xuanzang. Black Friday Sale! … He instructed his monks to go forth in the world and expound his teachings. To the rulers of the republics and kingdoms arising in northeastern India, the patronage of newly emerging sects such as Buddhism was one way of counterbalancing the political power exercised by Brahmans (high-caste Hindus). A wave of conversion began, and Buddhism spread not only through India, but also internationally. Give two reasons for the expansion of Buddhism. At this time Buddhism also expanded beyond the Indian subcontinent. Contribution # 3. It was during the Pala period (8th–12th centuries), however, that the Vajrayana tradition emerged as the most dynamic component of Indian Buddhist life. Premium Membership is now 50% off! The Expansion of Buddhism As Buddhism spread through Asia, it formed distinct streams of thought and practice: the Theravada ("The Way of the Elders" in South and Southeast Asia), the Mahayana (the “Great Vehicle” in East Asia), and the Vajrayana (the “Diamond Vehicle” in Tibet), a distinctive and vibrant form of Mahayana Buddhism that now has a substantial following. In the 6th century CE, the Buddhist tradition was also introduced into Japan, where it developed in a milieu shaped by both Shintō and other indigenous traditions. During the approximately five centuries between the fall of the Mauryan dynasty and the rise of the Gupta dynasty, major developments occurred in all aspects of Buddhist belief and practice. The teachings of Buddhism evolved over a long period of time, spreading from the Indian subcontinent into other parts of Asia and across the globe. A. Asian Expansion According to these inscriptions, Ashoka attempted to establish in his realm a “true dhamma” based on the virtues of self-control, impartiality, cheerfulness, truthfulness, and goodness. Buddhism is a non-theistic religion (no belief in a creator god), also considered a philosophy and a moral discipline, originating in India in the 6th and 5th centuries BCE. 100 BCE to 100 … It was founded by the sage Siddhartha Gautama (the Buddha l. c. 563 - c. 483 BCE) who, according to legend, had been a Hindu prince before abandoning his position and wealth to become a spiritual ascetic and, finally, an … The Buddha was a charismatic leader who founded a distinctive religious community based on his unique teachings. Such was the expansion of Buddhism in the regions to the north of India. Throughout the first five centuries A.D., Buddhism slowly began to spread throughout southeast Asia, entering China, Korea, Japan and finally Tibet, where it eventually found its home.
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