?) The parables of jesus are also often elusive and ambiguous, as his disciples constantly complain. 56 A PRACTICAL COMPANION TO ETHICS We could try to compromise. For example, you will discover a great deal of pro-choice and pro-life sloganizing. When someone treats me dismissively or mistrustfully, my behavior changes too. That in itself should be surprising—and inspiring. No doubt the death penalty is a better deterrent than doing nothing at all. GOD HATES ABORTION, they say. or "Who's to say that sex outside of marriage is always wrong?" If you are opposed to abortion, also say what you're for. Children who are considered stupid from the start, for example, naturally come to see themselves the same way. Please try your request again later. In nearly every serious moral issue, the truth is that both sides have a point. I try to paper over my uncertainties (or insecurities, or half-knowledge, or wishful thinking) by grabbing for some excuse, and any excuse will do. Start there. And what might too much Styrofoam or too little parking space be an opportunity for? It's harder to see what to do anymore. Maybe any moral opinion is really as good as the next. "Putting our money where it does the most good," what's "worth it to society"—fair enough, but how are "good" and "worth" to be assessed here? We may need to cut way back on ozone-depleters and automobiles and so many kinds of waste we now just take for granted. The first essay ends by closing a door; the second ends by opening one. Then he called four gardeners from his estate. Farther down the same road you may realize that nearly all animals raised for meat are treated in similar ways—extreme confinement, frustration of natural instincts, and much worse too—and then meat itself becomes a moral question. And I doubt I'm done learning in this way. So: identify your current position on some of the "hot-button" issues of the day. Be Specific Begin by being as clear as you can about what exactly the question is. And the young can help tend to the needs of the old, learning something of life cycles and of service in the process. Practical Companion to Ethics, Third Edition, is a concise and accessible introduction to the basic attitudes and skills that make ethics work, like thinking for oneself, creative and integrative problem-solving, and keeping an open mind. Is there a way to say something pithy that brings us together rather than divides us, that clarifies or connects rather than misrepresents and polarizes? These matters— certain basic moral issues—are not just your own business but everyone's business. Like the slogan says, if you're against abortion, then don't have one! We often use the terms "ethics" and "morals" interchangeably. Be sure you are judging like cases alike. The point is that the teachers have to take the first step. Were they hard? The story of ethics itself is continuously unfolding. Blow the whistle on others who are cutting corners? The a, Practical Ethics for Psychologists A POSITIVE APPROACH Notice that my friends did not actually solve the problem of how to haul wood through the house without making a mess. In fact, all opinions on this and most moral subjects require further thinking. It is more concerned with the availability of human community to older people than with the availability of organs for transplant. Meantime we are also beginning to see Declarations of Interdependence: the insistence that we humans are deeply dependent on the rest of the biosphere for our health, wealth, and very survival—and that it would therefore be a good idea to treat nature with more respect. 58 A PRACTICAL COMPANION TO ETHICS INTECRATIVE STRATEGIES AT A GLANCE When truly opposite values conflict, we can at least split the difference.
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