Again, the hydration enthalpy decreases the same way as it does in the case of Group 2 cations bonded to OH⁻ ions. By contrast, the least soluble Group 1 carbonate is lithium carbonate. The solubilities of these salts further increase on descending the group.Sulphates: Thermal stabilityThe sulphates of group-1 and group-2 metals are all thermally stable.solubility: sulphates of alkali metals are soluble in water. However, sulphates of alkaline earth metals show varied trends. So sulphates and carbonates become less soluble as you go down the Group; hydroxides become more soluble. The table below provides information on the variation of solubility of different substances (mostly inorganic compounds) in water with temperature, at one atmosphere pressure.Units of solubility are given in grams per 100 millilitres of water (g/100 ml), unless shown otherwise. Sulphates of both group 1 and group 2 metals are stable towards heat. Since the hydration enthalpy decreases faster than the lattice enthalpy in the case of Group 2 sulphates, the solubility of Group 2 sulphates decreases while progressing down the group. Unfortunately, the enthalpy of solution values for the Group 1 chlorides as calculated above don't agree with the values given in the same Data Book: Solubility of the sulphates. The sulphates become less soluble as you go down the Group. A saturated solution has a concentration of about 1.3 g per 100 g of water at 20°C. There should be no precipitates in Group 1, indicating that all Group 1 carbonates and sulphates are soluble. Problems with the data. A question asking about the solubility of the Group 2 sulphates would probably ask you to state and explain the trend in solubilities of the sulphates of Group 2 elements. Group 2 carbonates are virtually insoluble in water. - Sodium sulphate 0.5 mol dm –3. Carbonates of alkaline earth metals are insoluble in water. Your answer would need to include: For sulphates: Solubility decreases as you go down the group. Lattice Energy. Barium hydroxide is soluble enough to be able to produce a solution with a concentration of around 0.1 mol dm-3 at room temperature. Contents Observations . SOLUBILITY OF COMPOUNDS (GROUP 1) Solubility of a compound mainly depends on two factors . For Group 2, magnesium sulphate is soluble while strontium and barium sulphates are insoluble. Also, the solubility increases as we move down the group. The sulphate of alkaline earth metals is less soluble. They are : 1.Heat of Hydration (Hydration Energy) and 2. 1 litre of pure water will dissolve about 1 gram of calcium hydroxide at room temperature. Solubility. Problems with the usual explanations. Magnesium carbonate (the most soluble Group 2 carbonate) has a solubility of about 0.02 g per 100 g of water at room temperature. Sulphates of alkali metals are soluble in water. Thermal stability. (iii) Sulphates. The substances are listed in alphabetical order.
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