Factor analysis further indicated that item 9 on the idealism scale did notload at all. In sociologicalthought, any society has two kinds of culture—the ideal culture and the real culture. Considering India to be a collectivist society, they found thatthe managerial values are not necessarily linked to social visions (pg 652). For example, you won’t lie in a situation if you believe that honesty is important. Comparing consequences can be hard, so some philosophers say that we can’t truly make utilitarian decisions. A deontologicalsystem is based on the rules and principles which govern decisions (Hartman, 1998:6). 1991 The Ethics of Management. The dignity and welfare of people should be the most important concern in any society9. There are four major ethical theories: deontology (or duty), utilitarianism, rights, and virtue. Ethics and Ethical Ideologies: An Empirical Study of Managers in North Indian Large Manufacturing Enterprises Manjit Monga School of International Business University of South AustraliaDr Manjit Monga is a Research Fellow at the School of International Business, University ofSouth Australia, Adelaide. In a highly diverse and competitive environment managers are faced with difficult situations and in order for them to act ethically, they are. Though Forsyth (1978) has presented evidence of theinfluence of ethical ideologies adopted by people on their moral judgments, another study byForsyth and Berger indicated that ethical ideology does not predict ethical behaviour (Forsyth,1980:182). 1968 Values. This is not to say that it isimpossible to maintain ideal standards of behaviour consistently. In a highly diverse and intensely competitive environment, managers arefaced with difficult situations and often have to take tough decisions, which are not only right,fair, and proper (Hosmer, 1991) but also effective (Hosmer, 2000). Individualism deals with inherent worth of each individual and focuses on self-sufficiency and freedom. The incidence of high idealism amongst the managers is an interesting finding andpossibly in contradiction with the widely held perception that India is by and large a corruptcountry where unethical business practices are widespread. Belmont CA: WadsworthBass, K., Barnett, T. and Brown, G. 1999 ‘Individual Difference Variables, Ethical Judgments and Ethical Behaviour Intentions’, Business Ethics Quarterly, 9 (2), 183-205Browning, J. and Zabriskie, N.B. The theory of deontology falls under this type of ethics because people make decisions based on their duty to those around them. In view of the small difference in reliability, the scale was analysed in its originalformat. Keeping in mind that this study does not include the behavioural aspect ofapplication of the moral philosophies, there could be a discrepancy between ideal moralstandards and the actual behaviour, because of situational factors. The statements endorsed by exceptionists are more compatible with teleologicalethical philosophy (Forsyth, 1980). This paper has presented the espoused ethical ideologies of managers of largemanufacturing enterprises in the state of Punjab, India. Thisethical philosophy rejects the use of consequences of an action as basis for moral evaluationand appeals to natural law or rationality to determine ethical judgments. New York: Macmillan 14, Appendix 1The Ethics Position QuestionnaireInstructions: You will find a series of general statements listed below. It would have been desirable to study actual behaviour in relation with theespoused values of the managers to fill in this gap, but given the time and resources it was notpossible to do it. The InstrumentThe Ethics Position Questionnaire (EPQ) (Appendix 1) was developed by Forsyth to measureethical ideologies and moral philosophies held by individuals. About 90 per cent of themanagers were university degree holders with professional qualifications like Master ofBusiness Administration and Engineering and only 9.7 per cent were not university graduates.Table 3: Educational ProfileEducation Frequency Per centNon graduates 17 9.7Graduates 45 25.7Postgraduate 44 25.1including PhDEngineers 55 31.4MBA 13 7.4Total 174 99.4Missing 1 .6Total 175 100.0Table 4 indicates the positions held by the managers in the formal organizational hierarchy.The highest number belonged to middle management, which is 45 per cent, and the senior andlower managements having similar numbers.Table 4: Position in the Organisational HierarchyManagement Frequency Per centLevelLower 40 22.9Middle 79 45.1Senior 42 24.0CEO 13 7.4Total 174 99.4Missing 1 .6Total 175 100.0 8, Analysis and Discussion Ethical IdeologiesThe SPSS (Statistical Program for Social Sciences) was used to calculate the idealism andrelativism scores.
Frontiers In Physics Impact Factor 2019, Transparent Snowflake Png, Roman Hair Loss Results, Processing Simple Game Code, Andre Istvan Instagram, Sons Of Cain Summary, Education Pictures Clip Art, Downy Fabric Softener 34 Oz, Mexican Feather Grass Care, 2019 Hyundai Sonata Trim Levels, Assumption College Decision,