The largest forests are in Kyrgyzstan, where trees occur in extensive forests at 1,000–2,000 metres (3,300–6,600 ft) altitude,[12] notably at Arslanbob in Jalal-Abad Province[citation needed]. regia subsp. Credit: Marcus Harrison / Alamy Stock Photo. They typically have a short trunk and broad crown, though can be narrower if grown in a woodland situation. fallax (Dode) PopovJ. Juglans regia is infested by Rhagoletis juglandis, commonly known as the walnut husk fly, which lays its eggs in the husks of walnut fruit. Walnut nuts look similar, but the taste and texture between the species can differ. In the Chinese language, the edible, cultivated walnut is called 胡桃 (hú táo in Mandarin), which means literally "Hu peach", suggesting the ancient Chinese associated the introduction of the tree into East Asia with the Hu barbarians of the regions north and northwest of China. Walnut has a wide variety of medicinal qualities. orientis (Dode) Kitam.J. Walnut is native to south-east Europe and south-west China. Old English: walhhnutu is wealh (foreign) + hnutu (nut). (Photo: Bradley D. Saum/Shutterstock) It's not just the texture of the bark that helps identify the tree, but the color as well. regia var. Their bark is light gray to dark brown. School of American Research, page 39, 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T63495A61526700.en, "walnut - Search Online Etymology Dictionary", http://etd.uovs.ac.za/ETD-db//theses/available/etd-09172009-160603/unrestricted/VanZylLC.pdf, "Ornamental Tree Photography - NZ Plant Pics Photography ornamental garden trees", "Vegetation history of the walnut forests in Kyrgyzstan (Central Asia): natural or anthropogenic origin? regia. The bark of black walnut trees can vary from dark brown to gray while butternuts have white-gray colored bark. Download our free Tree ID app for Android and iPhone to identify the UK's native and non-native trees. Walnut bark is smooth and olive-brown when young, developing fissures and fading to silver-grey with age. The bark’s color may range from light brown to a slight green tint. The dried lumber is a rich chocolate-brown to black, with cream to tan sapwood, and may feature unusual figures, such as "curly", "bee's wing", "bird's eye", and "rat tail", among others. Horses that eat walnut leaves may develop laminitis, a hoof ailment. It is prized by fine woodworkers for its durability, lustre and chatoyance, and is used for high-end flooring, guitars, furniture, veneers, knobs and handles as well as gunstocks. Walnut is a deciduous broadleaf tree which can grow to 35m. They hybridized with terminal-bearing forms to give lateral-bearing trees with larger fruit. The nuts are said to help lower cholesterol, while the shell is used in the treatment of blood poisoning. If it’s wintertime and you can’t use leaves or fruit to identify a walnut tree, the tree's bark is a distinguishing characteristic. Walnut was first recorded in the wild in the UK in 1836. Identify walnut in winter by its twigs: the leaf buds have horseshoe-shaped leaf scars, or marks, left by fallen leaves. A non-profit-making company limited by guarantee. Gray in color, walnut tree bark is rough and full of deep ridges and valleys. Its high-quality fruits are eaten both fresh or pressed for their richly flavored oil; numerous cultivars have been selected for larger nuts with thinner shells. A self-fertile cultivar, it produces pollen over a long period and is thus a valuable pollinator for other cultivars. As such, it has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit. Juglans hindsii and J. hindsii × J. regia are often used as grafting stock for J. They typically have a short trunk and broad crown, though can be narrower if grown in a woodland situation. The tree is about the same size as an open-pollinated walnut, it comes into leaf very late and so usually avoids damage by late frosts. Etymologically it "meant the nut of the Roman lands (Gaul and Italy) as distinguished from the native hazel" according to the Oxford English Dictionary. The English walnut is susceptible to fungal diseases, as well as walnut blight which causes small black spots on the leaflets and can lead to dieback of new shoots and damaged fruit. According to an ancient myth, Jupiter, who was also known as Jove, dined on walnuts when he lived on earth. Shiny and pinnate (feather-like), with 5–9 paired oval leaflets and one 'terminal' leaflet at the end. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. Common name: walnut, common walnut, English walnut. The leaf is used in the treatment of conditions, including swelling of the skin, acne, ulcers, diarrhoea and excess sweating. ", "FAO corporate document repository: Walnut", http://apps.rhs.org.uk/plantselector/plant?plantid=1067, "Physical and chemical composition of some walnut ( Juglans regia L) genotypes grown in Turkey", Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, http://foodallergens.ifr.ac.uk/food.lasso?selected_food=53, http://fruitandnuteducation.ucdavis.edu/fruitnutproduction/Walnut, News Release: Diet of walnuts, blueberries improve cognition; may help maintain brain function, European Forest Genetic Resources Programme, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Juglans_regia&oldid=980314802, Articles with Spanish-language sources (es), Articles with unsourced statements from November 2018, Articles containing Chinese-language text, Articles containing Spanish-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from May 2020, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from January 2013, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2013, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 25 September 2020, at 20:17. "Walnut" does not distinguish the tree from other species of Juglans. We have single trees and tree packs to meet your needs, from wildlife to woodfuel. The botanical name of the English walnut, Juglans regia, means the 'royal nut of Jupiter'. Twigs are stout, green and curving. 2296645), is a wholly owned subsidiary of the Woodland Trust. Benevento in southern Italy is the home of an ancient tradition of stregoneria. orientis DodeJ. In Flanders, a folk saying states: "By the time the tree is big, the planter surely will be dead." (Dutch: Boompje groot, plantertje dood). Common walnut has fewer leaflets than black walnut and its leaflets are more oval in shape and have smooth, untoothed edges. Types of mushroom in the UK: common identification guide, Top tips for an eco-friendly and sustainable Christmas, Staying safe in our woods during the pandemic. [14] It is cultivated extensively from 30° to 50° of latitude in the Northern Hemisphere and from 30° to 40° in the Southern Hemisphere. This legend inspired many cultural works, including the 1812 ballet Il Noce di Benevento (the walnut tree of Benevento) by Salvatore Viganò and Franz Xaver Süssmayr, a theme from which was adapted into a violin piece called Le Streghe by Niccolò Paganini. Walnut was first introduced by the Romans who, like much of our native wildlife, valued its nuts. The black walnut tree has very dark bark. regia var. Learn more about the pests and diseases threatening our trees. GB520 6111 04. The bark has deep ridges that, from a distance, resemble a diamond pattern. Help us get 50 million trees in the ground. 3 Check … It is the origin of cultivated varieties which produce the edible walnut, consumed around the world. [22], The Native American Navajo tribe has been documented using the hulls of the nut to create a brown dye.[23]. 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