The name cyclone is retained when referring to tropical cyclones that occur over the Southwestern Pacific and Indian Ocean. A new name will be decided by the country whose name was retired. The French typhon is attested with the meaning of whirlwind or storm since 1504. Some of the deadliest typhoons in history have struck China. This air again absorbs moisture and energy from the ocean, again releasing heat as it rises up. The area just northeast of the Philippines is the most active place on Earth for tropical cyclones to exist. ", "What is the difference between a hurricane, a cyclone, and a typhoon? These tropical cyclones frequently originate in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, usually in the tropical seas around the Caroline Islands and the Philippines, and occasionally also arise from the South China Sea. All maps, graphics, flags, photos and original descriptions © 2020 worldatlas.com. Wang and Clark (2011) Quasi-decadal spectral peaks of tropical western Pacific SSTs as a precursor for tropical cyclone threat. Subject: A15) How do tropical cyclones form ? [25] Most typhoons form in a region in the northwest Pacific known as typhoon alley, where the planet's most powerful tropical cyclones most frequently develop. [12] However, the maximum sustained wind speed measurements that the JTWC uses are based on a 1-minute averaging period, akin to the U.S.' National Hurricane Center and Central Pacific Hurricane Center. [6] The Oxford English Dictionary[7] cites Hindustani ṭūfān and Chinese tai fung giving rise to several early forms in English. During El Niño years, the break in the subtropical ridge tends to lie near 130°E, which would favor the Japanese archipelago. [36] Within Guangdong in southern China, during the past thousand years, the most active decades for typhoon strikes were the 1660s and 1670s.[37]. Whether it be a depression in the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) or monsoon trough, a broad surface front, or an outflow boundary, a low level feature with sufficient vorticity and convergence is required to begin tropical cyclogenesis. The term typhoon is the regional name in the northwest Pacific for a severe (or mature) tropical cyclone,[3] whereas hurricane is the regional term in the northeast Pacific and northern Atlantic. Taiwan has received the wettest known typhoon on record for the northwest Pacific tropical cyclone basins. Tropical storms also receive official names from RSMC Tokyo. Although hurricane or typhoon season is a manmade concept with calendars in mind, the Pacific Basin's typhoon season is technically six months longer than the Atlantic's. In Japan, people use the numerical designation of typhoons according to the sequence of their occurrence in the calendar year. As the Earth warms up due to global warming and seasonal disturbances in weather become more common, the formation of tropical cyclones will be highly favored. [16] On average, twice per year twin tropical cyclones will form in the western Pacific Ocean, near the 5th parallel north and the 5th parallel south, along the same meridian, or line of longitude. Taiwan, Japan, the Philippines, and China are the largest countries that are most affected by typhoons. [7][9], A tropical depression is the lowest category that the Japan Meteorological Agency uses and is the term used for a tropical system that has wind speeds not exceeding 33 knots (38 mph; 61 km/h). While the RSMC names each system, the main name list itself is coordinated among 18 countries that have territories threatened by typhoons each year.[2]. As a result, the JTWC's wind reports are higher than JMA's measurements, as the latter is based on a 10-minute averaging interval. Southern China has the longest record of typhoon impacts for the region, with a thousand-year sample via documents within their archives. [15], In general, westerly wind increases associated with the Madden–Julian oscillation lead to increased tropical cyclogenesis in all tropical cyclone basins. The typhoon is the name given specifically to the tropical cyclone that occurs in the northwest area of the Pacific Ocean and the western direction of the International Date Line. [14] Typically with Pacific typhoons, there are two outflow jets: one to the north ahead of an upper trough in the Westerlies, and a second towards the equator. Areas or countries located near the warm tropical and sub-tropical waters of the world’s oceans and seas are most susceptible to experiencing the effects of typhoons. This region is referred to as the Northwestern Pacific Basin, and is the most active tropical cyclone basin on Earth, accounting for almost one-third of the world's annual tropical cyclones. [15] Even with perfect upper-level conditions and the required atmospheric instability, the lack of a surface focus will prevent the development of organized convection and a surface low. Typhoons form over the warm waters on the western Pacific Ocean, often near the equator. The Regional Specialized Meteorological Center (RSMC) for tropical cyclone forecasts is in Japan, with other tropical cyclone warning centers for the northwest Pacific in Hawaii (the Joint Typhoon Warning Center), the Philippines and Hong Kong. Northward track.
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