Like third and second declension -r nouns, the masculine ends in -er. fīlie "[O] son", archaic vocative of fīlius. Some third declension adjectives with two endings in -lis in the masculine–feminine nominative singular have irregular superlative forms. Archaic (Homeric) first declension Greek nouns and adjectives had been formed in exactly the same way as in Latin: nephelēgeréta Zeus ('Zeus the cloud-gatherer') had in classical Greek become nephelēgerétēs. The dog of Marcus orMarcus's dog (canis Marcī) 2. But if plural then it would look like Lupi if nominative, and Lupos if accusative. First- and second-declension adjective are inflected in the masculine, the feminine and the neuter; the masculine form typically ends in -us (although some end in -er, see below), the feminine form ends in -a, and the neuter form ends in -um. Adjectives are of two kinds: those like bonus, bona, bonum 'good' use first-declension endings for the feminine, and second-declension for masculine and neuter. The usage is colloquial and is confined to certain kinds of situations. Gildersleeve and Lodge's Latin Grammar of 1895, also follows this order. Accusative - os. The genitive singular is the same as the nominative plural in first-, second-, and fourth-declension masculine and feminine pure Latin nouns. Eiusdem de Viris illustrib. Masculine, feminine and neuter nouns often have their own special nominative singular endings. For example, let's look at the noun flamma (flame, fire). Some nouns in -tāt-, such as cīvitās, cīvitātis 'city, community' can have either consonant-stem or i-stem genitive plural: cīvitātum or cīvitātium 'of the cities'.[18]. The ending for the masculine and feminine is -is, and the ending for the neuter is -e. It is not necessary to give the genitive, as it is the same as the nominative masculine singular. Latin declension is the set of patterns according to which Latin words are declined, or have their endings altered to show grammatical case, number and gender. There are two principal parts for Latin nouns: the nominative singular and the genitive singular. Heterogeneous nouns are nouns which vary in respect to gender. The vocative singular of deus is not attested in Classical Latin. Therefore, some adjectives are given like altus, alta, altum. However, with personal pronouns (first and second person), the reflexive and the interrogative, -cum is added onto the end of the ablative form. Day of wrath (diēs irae) Quite simply, a word in the genitive case is translated with the preposition "of". Each noun has either the ending -ēī or -eī as a suffix attached to the root of the noun in the genitive singular form. Similar in declension is alius, alia, aliud 'another'. The genitive case describes the following features of the described noun: 1. Therefore, they are declined in the third declension, but they are not declined as i-stems. The fourth declension also includes several neuter nouns including genū, genūs n. ('knee'). ... Nominative, Accusative, and Dative Cases. Adjectives ending -ius use the vocative -ie (ēbrie, "[O] drunk man", vocative of ēbrius), just as in Old Latin all -ius nouns did (fīlie, "[O] son", archaic vocative of fīlius). In Ecclesiastical Latin the vocative of Deus ('God') is Deus. In accusative case, the forms mēmē and tētē exist as emphatic, but they are not widely used. The case names are often abbreviated to the first three letters. One pattern was shared by the first and second declensions, which derived from the Proto-Indo-European thematic declension.
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